Patented technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Patented technology - Essay Example The more "tolerant" patent approach in the U.S. defines non-obvious as sufficient to involve an inventive step. The European Patent Office has a more exacting interpretation of this term. A European patent application entails an inventive step by providing a solution to a technical problem in a non-obvious way.1 This difference may serve, in fact, to help avoid confusion and promote productivity in Europe, as well as discourage the sort of infamous patent infringement confrontations recently seen in the American software industry. Patentability requires an invention to be "novel" -original and new. Article 54 (1) of the European Patent Convention defines "novel" as being separate from the "state of the art," (existing and publicly available.) "Non-obvious" in U.S. law, or "inventive step" in European law, under the terms of the EPC, both designate the requirement that an invention be "novel," or genuinely original enough to justify the patent. Novelty is therefore prerequisite for inventive step. An invention may be regarded as having an inventive step only if it is not obvious to a person skilled in the art. Novelty and inventive step are, consequently, different criteria. This definition of inventive step has been a subject recently in question by the U.K. patent office, as it has often been found to give rise to patents lacking in significance. By the same count, however, greater facility in obtaining patents contributes to positive qualities of "innovation and competitiveness."2 "Useful" in U.S. law or "Industrially applicable" in European law designates that an invention must serve a function, or fulfil an application and is equally part of this basic framework of patentability criteria. The European definition is again more exact in practical terms, referring specifically to industry as the objective of the application. III. Patent Law -Actions and Reactions: The Patents Act of 1977 was passed to implement the PTT, (Patent Co-operation Treaty), EPC and CPC (Community Patent Convention), closely following these definitions of the EPC and was the first effort at standardization in contrast to previous provisions of the Statute of Monopolies of 1623, which up until 1949, merely affirm that a patent may be granted exclusively for a new method of manufacture.3 A concept further examined by Lord Hoffmann in Biogen Inc v Medeva plc [1997] RPC 1 (page 34), is that the definition of an inventive step may be dependant on the nature of the invention. An original invention is the result of adding a new concept to an existing reserve

ITES industry of India Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

ITES industry of India - Research Proposal Example In fact, the year 2002 witnessed a total leasing volume of 1.5 million square feet4 of office space in the NCR. The bulk of the fresh demand was from the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) companies (approximately 75 percent) and followed by banking, insurance and financial services." The factors which favored the growth of the Noida, Gurgaon as for locating ITES industry were proximity to the airport, cheap rental rates, and also good infrastructure, business friendly government policies, like a tax free holiday. Since real estate is all about location, the location of Gurgaon and Noida seems most appropriate in every way. There is a good supply of manpower too from all parts of North India, which makes it most suitable to locate this industry in the NCR region. One more reason for the spurt of the ITES industry in this area is the mobility of the people of Delhi and North India. The trend over the past seven to eight years has been positive. A call center typically needs about 100,000 Sq.ft or more space, which is quite a substantial amount. The amount of space that such companies require is much more than what any other company would need. The infrastructure that the new areas offer is topnotch and much better than that available in the Delhi region. The fact that many employees of the Call / BPO companies prefer to stay close to their place of work is also one more reason why the residential properties have grown in the region. This might not be a substantial proportion of the residential properties in the region nevertheless it has contributed its part to the whole. The employees in the ITES industry in Gurgaon and Noida are from different parts of North India, including Chandigarh, Jaipur, Lucknow, Kanpur etc. Most of the paying guest accomodations and rental properties are given to the thousands of employees who come from outside to work. "Infact, abou t 90 percent of the people in Sector 3 of Noida are South Indians", says Alok of India property research. The ITES is a manpower intensive industry and it is based on either language skills or Data processing abilities. Call s need to train their employees to speak in a neutral accent and also to handle specific processes in a defined way (process training). "The training business is a commodity business, and with the growth of the call centre / BPO industry the demand for training has only gone up" says Rohit Agarwal of The Learning Curve. Most of the training institutes provide training in soft skills and hence help aspirants land jobs in the call. "The ITES industry being a manpower intensive industry and this is an immense opportunity for training to come in and fill this demand," he adds. "There are two varieties of training offered- one is voice and accent and the other being soft skills training. Since most of the clients of call centers are American, an emphasis on the American accent becomes paramount. Understanding their culture, their way of speaking helps the call centre executives sell in a better way," says Akshay Datt of The Learning Curve. The team leads in a call center may undergo programmes like leadership development. The agents take programmes in stress management programmes, customer service and similar programmes to help them do well professionally. Many companies outsource their training work (which in itself is a huge industry). The number of people employed in the training industry has gone up, so have the